Forty-eighth Generation 
Forty-eighth Generation 263884938158080. Clodion "Le Chevelu" King Of FRANCE-[79605],3,8,9,16,31 son of Pharamond, King Of FRANCE -[80117] and Argotta, Queen Of FRANKS -[80185], was born about 395 in , , Westphalia, Germany,died from 447 to 449,at age 52, and was buried in Cambray, Nord, France. Ancestral File Number: 9GBJ-ZH.
General Notes: 1 _UID 15C1C17B37DF9F478F108335FA7DEB1CE39E
Le married Basina Princess Of The THURINGIANS -[80169] [MRIN:44099] in , , , France 3,8,9.,31
Marriage Notes: 1 _UID E1DB02D98B699A4EAF413FCCB124CD6B7BB9
Children from this marriage were:
ii. Albberic (Albero) Lord Of MOSELLE -[77800] was born about 417 in , , , France and died in 456 at age 39. Ancestral File Number: 9GBK-35.
131942469079040 iii. Sigimberus I Bishop Of AUVERGNE -[80229] (born about 419 in , , Westphalia, Germany)
263884938158081. Basina Princess Of The THURINGIANS-[80169] 3,8,9,16,31 was born in 398 in Of, , Thuringia, Germany. Ancestral File Number: 9GBK-1S.
General Notes: 1 _UID D1436EF83BBD4C40BAA0B26F6159E3B1C741
Basina married Clodion "Le Chevelu" King Of FRANCE -[79605] [MRIN:44099] in , , , France 3,8,9.,31
263884938158082. Ferreolus TONANTIUS-[79871] 3,8,9,16,31 was born about 403 in <Of, Rome, Rome, Italy>. Ancestral File Number: 9GT0-M4.
General Notes: 1 _UID DA9735C53DA46B48A96DBCAA5F1FBBAF63F9
Ferreolus married Miss AVITUS -[80124] [MRIN:44760] 3,8,9.,31
Marriage Notes: 1 _UID E364DEDCB4A77A42A033C251C3AC0F900C53
The child from this marriage was:
131942469079041 i. Miss TONANTIUS -[80445] (born about 429 in Of, Rome, Rome, Italy)
263884938158083. Miss AVITUS-[80124] 3,8,9,16,31 was born about 405 in <Of, Rome, Rome, Italy>. Ancestral File Number: 9GT0-N9.
General Notes: 1 _UID B20748A746767B4C86275A3BB330146DD13D
Miss married Ferreolus TONANTIUS -[79871] [MRIN:44760] 3,8,9.,31
263884938158088. Clovis I "The Great" King FRANCE-[80423],3,8,9,16,31 son of Childeric I King Of FRANCE -[80111] and Basina Princess Of THURINGIA -[80077], was born about 467,was christened on 25 Dec 496 in Reims, Neustria,died on 27 Nov 511 at age 44, and was buried in Eglise DE Saint Pierre, , , France. Ancestral File Number: 9GBK-KK.
General Notes: 1 _UID C770022A3BE5234A9085ACC8BF3E3D8A3D9E
The married Clotilde Queen Of FRANCE -[80043] [MRIN:44821] about 492-493 in , , , France 3,8,9.,31
Marriage Notes: 1 _UID 6275F4B1E471E24AA224F667F1C612462F9C
Children from this marriage were:
131942469079044 i. Clotaire I "The Old" King Of FRANCE -[80336] (born about 497 in Reims, Neustria - died on 23 Nov 561 in Braines, , France)
ii. Ingomera Prince Of FRANCE -[80097] was born from 493 to 494 in Reims, Neustria and died from 493 to 494. Ancestral File Number: 9GBK-TX.
iii. Clodomir King Of ORLEANS -[80091] was born in 495 in Reims, Neustria and died in 524 in , Orlbeans, , France at age 29. Ancestral File Number: 9GBK-V4.
iv. Childebert King Of PARIS -[80426] was born about 496 in Reims, Neustria,died on 23 Dec 558 in , Paris, , France,at age 62, and was buried in Abbaye DE St Vincent, Paris, , France. Ancestral File Number: 9GBK-W9.
v. Clotilda Princess Of FRANCE -[80346] was born about 507 in Reims, Neustria and died about 531 at age 24. Ancestral File Number: 9GBL-1X.
263884938158089. Clotilde Queen Of FRANCE-[80043],3,8,9,16,31 daughter of Chilperic King Of BURGUNDY -[80352] and Mrs-Chilperic Of BURGUNDY -[80174], was born about 475 in , , Bourgogne, France and died on 3 Jun 548 in , Tours, , France at age 73. Ancestral File Number: 9GBK-SR.
General Notes: 1 _UID 26E825926263AF4A8F05D0AB4036A4A45011
Clotilde married Clovis I "The Great" King FRANCE -[80423] [MRIN:44821] about 492-493 in , , , France 3,8,9.,31
263884938297344. Cynric King Of WESSEX-[80606],3,8,9,16,31 son of Crioda, Prince Of WESSEX -[80621] and Mrs-Crioda, Princess Of WESSEX -[80622], was born about 525 in Of, , Wessex, England and died in 560 at age 35. Ancestral File Number: G70F-LT.
General Notes: 1 _UID 102DEC69F6DC5143AFF8FC9C27295BD2B434
Cynric married Mrs-Cynric Queen Of WESSEX -[80607] [MRIN:44953] in Of, , Wessex, England 3,8,9.,31
Marriage Notes: 1 _UID 46F85FAB8A7F99478406A87A0F2895650E0E
Children from this marriage were:
131942469148672 i. Ceawlin, King Of WESSEX -[80605] (born about 547 in Of, , Wessex, England - died about 591)
ii. Cwichelm, Prince Of WESSEX -[80618] was born about 553 in Of, , Wessex, England and died about 593 at age 40. Ancestral File Number: G70F-RP.
iii. Cuthwulf, Prince Of WESSEX -[80616] was born about 549 in Of, , Wessex, England and died about 571 at age 22. Ancestral File Number: G70F-PC.
iv. Cutha, Prince Of WESSEX -[80617] was born about 551 in Of, , Wessex, England and died about 584 at age 33. Ancestral File Number: G70F-QJ.
263884938297345. Mrs-Cynric Queen Of WESSEX-[80607] 3,8,9,16,31 was born about 527 in Of, , Wessex, England. Ancestral File Number: G70F-M1.
General Notes: 1 _UID 6F74302F7D00014FAADA025671F1C86D8200
Mrs-Cynric married Cynric King Of WESSEX -[80606] [MRIN:44953] in Of, , Wessex, England 3,8,9.,31
263884941295616. Frosti KARASSON KING IN KVENLAND-[77728],3,8,9,16,31 son of Kari FORNJOTSSON KING IN KVENLAND -[77723] and Mrs-Kari FORNJOTSSON -[77725], was born about 210 in Of, , , Finland. Ancestral File Number: 18JX-68R.
General Notes: 1 _UID 533D80D1AF7293409F82A8CD706046B4350F
Frosti married Mrs-Frosti KARASSON -[77727] [MRIN:44065] about 239 in Of, , , Finland 3,8,9.,31
Marriage Notes: 1 _UID D6E0B6C62C82FC4BA2AA702A9E617D50D9B0
The child from this marriage was:
131942470647808 i. Jokull FROSTASSON -[77724] (born about 240 in Of, , , Finland)
263884941295617. Mrs-Frosti KARASSON-[77727] 3,8,9,16,31 was born about 214 in Of, , , Finland. Ancestral File Number: 18JX-690.
General Notes: 1 _UID 9F29D936BEBFD84F808DB738B78644261EA0
Mrs-Frosti married Frosti KARASSON KING IN KVENLAND -[77728] [MRIN:44065] about 239 in Of, , , Finland 3,8,9.,31
263884941296640. Ingvar "The Tall" EYSTEINSSON KING IN SWEDEN-[77768],3,8,9,16,31 son of Eystein ADILSSON KING IN SWEDEN -[77765] and Mrs-Eystein ADILSSON -[77763], was born about 616 in , , , Sweden and died in (MD). Ancestral File Number: FLHH-55.
General Notes: 1 _UID 2A74EC806917D54EBED8261797B01001D889
The married Mrs-Ingvar EYSTEINSSON -[77769] [MRIN:44084] about 637 in Of, , , Sweden 3,8,9.,31
Marriage Notes: 1 _UID 859389A78C9E444D99CCB53A4D701C6E9E83
The child from this marriage was:
131942470648320 i. Onund "Braut" INGVARSSON KING IN SWEDEN -[77770] (born about 638 in , , , Sweden)
263884941296641. Mrs-Ingvar EYSTEINSSON-[77769] 3,8,9,16,31 was born about 621 in Of, , , Sweden. Ancestral File Number: FLHH-6B.
General Notes: 1 _UID EFBEE08934C0844F9300C4DBA14D4068A5B0
Mrs-Ingvar married Ingvar "The Tall" EYSTEINSSON KING IN SWEDEN -[77768] [MRIN:44084] about 637 in Of, , , Sweden 3,8,9.,31
263884941296644. Gautrek GAUTSSON-[77781] 3,8,9,16,31 was born about 618 in Of, , , Sweden. Ancestral File Number: VDCM-B6.
General Notes: 1 _UID AC9CE84BCA04D9409E089483E9E5EDE7C104
Gautrek married Mrs-Gautrek GAUTSSON -[77782] [MRIN:44090] about 638 in Of, , , Sweden 3,8,9.,31
Marriage Notes: 1 _UID B13B27EB2F51894699E232BE994A54322109
The child from this marriage was:
131942470648322 i. Algaut GAUTREKSSON -[77779] (born about 639 in , , , Sweden)
263884941296645. Mrs-Gautrek GAUTSSON-[77782] 3,8,9,16,31 was born about 620 in Of, , , Sweden. Ancestral File Number: VDCM-CC.
General Notes: 1 _UID ADB2335B8E47FD46A58966EC188B28E636D2
Mrs-Gautrek married Gautrek GAUTSSON -[77781] [MRIN:44090] about 638 in Of, , , Sweden 3,8,9.,31
263990880501760. Cenfarch Oer Ap MEIRCHION GUL-[57669],3,8,9,24,32 son of Meirchion (Meirchiawn) Gul Ap GWRST -[53598] and Essylt (Isold) Verch Culvynyd PRYDA -[57674].
Cenfarch married Nevyn Verch BRYCCAN -[57670] [MRIN:32139] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
Children from this marriage were:
131995440250880 i. Elidir Ap Cenfarch OER -[53609]
ii. Enynny Verch CYNFARCH -[57896] was born about 493 in South Reged, Britain and died.
263990880501761. Nevyn Verch BRYCCAN-[57670],3,8,9,24,32 daughter of Bryccan Ap BRACCANEOC King Of Ulster -[57672].
Nevyn married Cenfarch Oer Ap MEIRCHION GUL -[57669] [MRIN:32139] 3,8,9.,24
263990880501776. Edeyrn (Eternus) Ap PADARN-[54034],3,8,9,24,32 son of Padarn Beisrudd Ap TACITUS -[54023].
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995440250888 i. Cunedda Wledig Ap EDEYRN -[54045] (born in 386 in Cardigan, Wales - died in 414 in North Wales)
263990880501778. Coel Hen Godebog Ap TEHVANT-[54068],3,8,9,24,32 son of Tehvant Ap URBAN -[54064], was born in 350 and died in 420 at age 70.
General Notes: Made famous in the childrens nursery rhyme; Old King Cole was a merry oldsoul. First King in Northern Britain.
Noted events in his life were:
• Title (Facts Pg): King Of North Britain.
Coel married Ysfrawel Verch Cadfan GADRON -[57676] [MRIN:32120] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
Children from this marriage were:
i. Ceneu (Cynan) Ap Coel GODEBOG -[53578].
131995440250889 ii. Gwawl Verch Coel GODEBOG -[54079] (born in 388)
263990880501779. Ysfrawel Verch Cadfan GADRON-[57676],3,8,9,24,32 daughter of Cadfan Ap Cynan Of DUMNONIA -[28449], was born in 374 and died on an unknown date.
Ysfrawel married Coel Hen Godebog Ap TEHVANT -[54068] [MRIN:32120] 3,8,9.,24
263990880502272. Rhun Hir Ap MAELGWYN King Of Gwynedd-[54120],3,8,9,24,32 son of Maelgwyn Ap CADWALLON King Of Gwynedd -[41709] and Gwallwen Verch AFALLACH -[57806], died in 586 32 .
General Notes: [De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: Kraentzler 1749, 1750; History of Morgan Family.
History: Rhun ap Maelgwyn, King of Gwynedd 547. Rhun's son was Beli.
K: Rhunn, King of Britain, of Care Rhunn or Conway. Says his motherwas Sannans, but Bartram is source for wives and children of Maelgwyn..SOURCES:
1. Morgan, Dennis. _A History of the Morgan Family_.
King of Gwynedd, 547. Rhun's son was Beli.
SOURCES:
1. Morgan, Dennis. _A History of the Morgan Family_.
Rhun married Perwyr Verch Rhun RYFEDDFAW -[57805] [MRIN:32392] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995440251136 i. Beli Ap Rhun HIR King Of Gwynedd -[54131] (died in 599)
263990880502273. Perwyr Verch Rhun RYFEDDFAW-[57805],3,8,9,24,32 daughter of Rhun RYFEDDFAWR -[57833].
Perwyr married Rhun Hir Ap MAELGWYN King Of Gwynedd -[54120] [MRIN:32392] 3,8,9.,24
263990880502288. CNEBBA -[28383],3,8,9,24 son of Icel Of The Angles King Of MERCIA -[28384], died on an unknown date.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995440251144 i. Cynewald King Of MERCIA -[28382] (died)
263990880502336. Hoel I Mawr King Of The BRETONS-[59576],3,8,9,24 son of Buidic I (Emyr Llydaw) King Of The BRETONS -[59577] and Elen Of BRITAIN -[40380], was born about 491 and died in 545 at age 54.
Hoel married St. Alma Pompea Of The DUMNONII -[56985] [MRIN:33804] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995440251168 i. Hoel II Fychan King Of The BRETONS -[59574] (born about 522 - died in 547)
263990880502337. St. Alma Pompea Of The DUMNONII-[56985],3,8,9,24 daughter of Riotham Ap Deroch Prince Of The DUMNONII -[57027], was born about 485.
St. married Hoel I Mawr King Of The BRETONS -[59576] [MRIN:33804] 3,8,9.,24
263990880502338. Maelgwyn Ap CADWALLON King Of Gwynedd-[41709],3,8,9,24,32 son of Cadwallon Lawhir Ap EINON YRTH -[54099] and Meddyf Verch MAELDAF -[57907], was born in 497,died in 549, 32 at age 52, and was buried in Inys Seiriol. 32
General Notes: [De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: Kraentzler 1750; AF; History of Morgan Family.
K: Maelgwyn Gwyneed or Maglocunus, King of Britain. Died 566.
AF calls him Maelgwn "The Tall." Died 547.
SOURCES:
1. Bartrum, Peter C. _Welsh Genealogies, AD 300-1400_. University ofWales
Press, 1978. Source for names of wives and children.
2. Morgan, Dennis. _A History of the Morgan Family_. "MaelgwnGwynedd" was
called 'Maglocunus, the island dragon,' and was known as the fourthking
to reign after King Arthur. He died of the yellow plague at Rhos.His
natural son was Rhun." Died 547.
Maelgwyn married Princess Royal Of The PICTS -[41701] [MRIN:25687], daughter of Girom King Of The PICTS -[41703] and Princess Of STRATHCLYDE -[41702] 3,8,9.,24 Princess was born in 500 and died.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
Maelgwyn next married Gwallwen Verch AFALLACH -[57806] [MRIN:25693] 3,8,9.,24
263990880502339. Gwallwen Verch AFALLACH-[57806],3,8,9,24,32 daughter of Afallach -[56615], was born about 500 and died.
Gwallwen married Maelgwyn Ap CADWALLON King Of Gwynedd -[41709] [MRIN:25693] 3,8,9.,24
263990880502345. Alienor -[40495],3,8,9,24 daughter of Buidic I (Emyr Llydaw) King Of The BRETONS -[59577] and Elen Of BRITAIN -[40380], died.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995440251172 i. Qwithur DE LEON D'ACQS -[40494] (died)
263990880502784. Cadell Ddyrnllug Ap CATEYRN-[57841],3,8,9,24,32 son of Cateyrn (Katigern) Ap VORTIGERN -[57830].
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995440251392 i. Cyngen Glodrydd Ap CADELL DDYRNLL -[57860] (born about 440 in Powys, Wales - died)
263990880502786. Saint Bryan Ap ANLACH King Of Brycheinniog & Brecknoc-[28441],3,8,9,24 son of Anlach MACCORMAC -[49556] and Marchell Verch TEWDRIG -[49567], was born in 419 and died in 450 at age 31.
General Notes: 1 NAME Brychan /Brycheiniog/ 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date ofImport: Jan 17, 2001 1 DEAT 2 DATE ABT. 450 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001
Born in Ireland but soon his parents moved to Wales. Was the King ofGarthmadryn, which was later called Brecknockafter him. Many of hischildren had the reputation of great sanctity and preached the Gospel tothe Britions who had relapsed into paganism [De La Pole.FTW]
Brychan Brycheiniog was the King of Garthmadryn, which was later calledBrycheiniog or Brecknock after him. He began his reign about 400, anddied about 450. He married and had numerous issue. Many of his childrenhad the reputation of great sanctity and preached the Gospel to theBritons who had relapsed into paganism.
SOURCES:
Source not indicated.
Saint married RIBRAWST -[57645] [MRIN:15892], daughter of Gwrtheyrn (Vortigern) Gwrtheneu Ap GWIDOL -[57838] and Sereva Verch Macsen WLEDIG -[28432] 3,8,9.,24 RIBRAWST-[57645] died on an unknown date.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
Saint next married Prawst Verch TUDWAL -[33057] [MRIN:15893] 3,8,9.,24
263990880502787. Prawst Verch TUDWAL-[33057],3,8,9,24 daughter of Tudwal Ap GWRFAWR MORFA -[33060] and Gratian Verch MACSEN WLEDIG -[33058], was born about 400 and died.
Prawst married Saint Bryan Ap ANLACH King Of Brycheinniog & Brecknoc -[28441] [MRIN:15893] 3,8,9.,24
263990880502788. Ceneu (Cynan) Ap Coel GODEBOG-[53578],3,8,9,24,32 son of Coel Hen Godebog Ap TEHVANT -[54068] and Ysfrawel Verch Cadfan GADRON -[57676].
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
Children from this marriage were:
i. Gwrst Ledlwm Ap CENEU -[53589].
131995440251394 ii. Pabo Post Prydyn Ap CENEU -[57840]
132000384024576 iii. Mar Ap CENEU -[30685] (born about 410 - died)
263990880503808. Ceredig Ap CUNEDDA-[57808],3,8,9,24,32 son of Cunedda Wledig Ap EDEYRN -[54045] and Gwawl Verch Coel GODEBOG -[54079], died on an unknown date.
Ceredig married Meleri Verch BRYCHAN -[57819] [MRIN:34192] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995440251904 i. Usai Ap CEREDIG -[57813] (born in 453 - died on an unknown date)
263990880503809. Meleri Verch BRYCHAN-[57819],3,8,9,24,32 daughter of Saint Bryan Ap ANLACH King Of Brycheinniog & Brecknoc -[28441] and RIBRAWST -[57645], was born in 435 and died on an unknown date.
Meleri married Ceredig Ap CUNEDDA -[57808] [MRIN:34192] 3,8,9.,24
263990880510976. Pedr Ap CYNGAR King Of Dyfed-[57624],3,8,9,24,32 son of Cyngar Ap VOTEPORIX King Of Dyfed -[57623], was born about 540 32 and died.
General Notes: [De La Pole.FTW]
Source: AF. AF: Petr ap Cincar. Birth date from AF. Ancestors from herein this line are completly different from Bartrum. I changed names tomatch Bartrum up to about RIN 992, then cut it off and went with Bartrum.SOURCES:
1. Bartrum, Peter C. _Welsh Genealogies AD 300-1400_. University ofWales
Press, 1978; page 20 (Dyfed). Pedr ap Cyngar.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995440255488 i. Arthwr Ap PEDR King Of Dyfed -[49621] (born about 585)
263990880510984. Llywarch Ap RIGENEW King Of Brycheiniog-[49549],3,8,9,24 son of Rigenew Ap Rhein King Of BRYCHEINIOG -[49550], was born about 520.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995440255492 i. Idwallon Ap LLYWARCH King Of Brycheiniog -[49548] (born about 560)
263990904101376. Skold SKELFISSON-[28150] 3,8,9,24 was born about 516 in Norway and died.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995452050688 i. Erik "Fraekni" SKJOLDSSON -[28149] (born about 544 in Norway - died)
263991408462944. Cinhil Quintillus Ap CLUIM-[28610],3,8,9,24 son of Cluim Clemens Ap CURSALEN -[28611], was born in 325 and died on an unknown date.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995704231472 i. CYNLOYP -[28609] (born in 355 - died)
263991408463104. Aloc Of SCANDINAVIA-[41719],3,8,9,24 son of Bernic Of SCANDINAVIA -[41720], was born in 345 and died.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995704231552 i. Ingui Of SCANDINAVIA -[41718] (born in 380 - died)
263991408463244. Cwch CYCHWEIN-[41737] 3,8,9,24 died.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995704231622 i. Tallwch Ap CWCH -[41736] (died)
263991409000448. Crioda Prince Of WESSEX-[31106],3,8,9,24 son of Cerdic King Of WESSEX King, W. Saxons -[35640], was born about 493 in Wessex, England and died in 584 at age 91.
General Notes: 1 NAME Creoda of /Wessex/ 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date ofImport: Jan 17, 2001 1 BIRT 2 DATE ABT. 493 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001
[De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: RC 233; Kirby; Kings and Queens of Britain..
RC: Creoda, Prince of Wessex.
(Omitted in some pedigree versions, including Ancestral Roots andHilliam). Questionable.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995704500224 i. Cynric King Of WESSEX -[31096] (born about 525 - died in 560)
263991410426368. Halfdan King Of DENMARK-[28069],3,8,9,24 son of Frode II "The Pacific" King Of DENMARK -[28070], was born in 390 and died on an unknown date.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705213184 i. Fridlief III King Of DENMARK -[28068] (born in 422 - died on an unknown date)
263991410426440. Theodosius I "The Great" Emperor Of ROME-[48745],3,8,9,24 son of Flavius "The Elder" THEODOSIUS -[48756] and THERMANTIA -[27338], was born from 11 Jan 346 to 347 in Northern Spain and died from 17 Jan 394 to 395 in Milan, Italy at age 48.
General Notes: Origin and Early Career Flavius Theodosius was born at Cauca in Spain inabout 346 to Thermantia and Theodosius the Elder (so-called todistinguish him from his son). Theodosius the Elder was a senior militaryofficer serving in the Western empire and rose to become the magisterequitum praesentalis under the emperor Valentinian I from late 368 untilhis execution in early 375. As the son of a soldier, Theodosius waslegally obliged to enter upon a military career. He seems to have servedunder his father during his expedition to Britain in 367/8, and was thedux Moesiae Primae by late 374. Unfortunately, great controversysurrounds the rest of his career until Gratian had him hailed as hisimperial colleague in succession to the emperor Valens at Sirmium on 19January 379. It is clear that he was forced to retire home to Spain onlyto be recalled to active service shortly thereafter, but thecircumstances of his forced retirement are shrouded in mystery. Hisfather was executed at roughly the same time, and much speculation hascentred on the relationship between these events. A general consensusseems to have emerged, however, that the future emperor was forced intoretirement shortly after the execution of his father at Carthage inAfrica during the winter of 375/6. The same court faction which hadengineered the death of his father managed to persuade Valentinian todismiss him also, or so the consensus goes. This interpretation of eventsis incorrect, however, not least because it places far too much trust ina number of unreliable sources.
The answer to the mystery surrounding Theodosius' forced retirement liesin Ammianus' description of a severe defeat which Sarmatian raidersinflicted upon Roman forces in the province of Valeria in late 374 whenthey almost annihilated a legio Moesiaca, i.e. a legion from Moesia, anda legio Pannonica, i.e. a legion from Pannonia. These legions had beensent to intercept a party of Sarmatians who had been pursuing a seniorRoman officer named Aequitius deep into Roman territory, and wouldundoubtedly have triumphed had they acted together. But they failed toco-operate, and their quarrelling allowed the Sarmatians to catch themunprepared, defeating the legion from Moesia first, then the legion fromPannonia. Valentinian's reaction to this defeat can best be judged fromhis reaction to an earlier defeat which the Alamanni had managed toinflict on his forces in Gaul during the spring of 365. He sought outthose who had been the first to turn and run before the enemy and blamedthem for the subsequent defeat. He ordered the unit in question - theBatavi - to be stripped of their weapons and sold into slavery, and ittook the whole army to persuade him to relent. In this instance, thefirst of the two units to break and run had been the legion from Moesia.Hence Valentinian would have held their commanding officer responsiblefor the wider defeat, and, as the dux Moesiae Primae, Theodosius was theofficer ultimately responsible for this unit. Hence Valentinian dismissedTheodosius and sent him home to Cauca in Spain in the same manner, andfor the same reason, that the emperor Constantius II had dismissedValentinian himself in 357, or the magister equitum per Gallias Marcellusin the same year. He had found him guilty of cowardice.
The best explanation for the death of Theodosius the Elder is that he hadtried to intervene on behalf of his son, and Valentinian had had himexecuted as a result, most probably during the early new year of 375. Hisson regained his commission within the army only following the death ofValentinian himself on 17 November 375. He seems to have obtained aposition similar to that which he had originally held at his dismissal,that of dux Valeriae perhaps. He campaigned against the Sarmatians againin 376, during which he was promoted as the magister militum perIllyricum. He remained as magister militum per Illyricum from 376 until19 January 379 when the western emperor Gratian appointed him to succeedhis eastern colleague Valens who had been killed at the Battle ofAdrianople on 9 August 378. The fact that Gratian chose him as his newcolleague does not necessarily mean that he enjoyed a particularly goodreputation as the best general of his day. Gratian had effectively beenforced to choose him since he seems to have been the most senior officerof Roman birth available to him at the time.
Foreign Policy The problem confronting Theodosius immediately upon hisaccession was how to check the Goths and their allies who were continuingto ravage the Balkans. One difficulty was that they had spread beyond thediocese of Thrace into the dioceses of Macedonia and Dacia in theprefecture of Illyricum, which had traditionally belonged to the westernempire. The result was that Gratian surrendered the three dioceses of theprefecture of Illyricum to the temporary control of Theodosius for theduration of the Gothic crisis, while he himself returned to Trier inGaul. The date of this transfer is disputed, but it seems to have comeinto formal effect at the beginning of the new tax year on 1 September379 and may be presumed to have ended on 31 August 382. This leftTheodosius in control of the entire theatre of operations. Theodosiusleft Sirmium, the site of his accession, for Thessalonica in Macedoniawhich remained his base for the campaign seasons of 379 and 380. Gratianhad transferred some of his own officers and men to Theodosius in orderto assist him in his efforts to rebuild the eastern field-armies, whichhad been shattered at the Battle of Adrianople. These transfers includedhis comes domesticorum Richomer, who became Theodosius' magister peditumpraesentalis, a post which he retained until his death by illness in late392.
We are poorly informed about the exact sequence of events during theGothic war, but Theodosius' "general" Modares appears to have inflictedan important defeat upon the Goths somewhere in Thrace in 379. Theodosiusproved himself willing to recruit one group of barbarians into his armyto use against the other groups who remained hostile, but this was arisky strategy. In order to reduce the risk, Theodosius transferred someof these fresh barbarian recruits to Egypt in return for some of theexperienced Roman troops stationed there, during late 379 apparently.Nevertheless, a large number of his new recruits appeared to havedefected to the other side during the course of his campaign in 380, sothat he suffered at least one serious reverse. He left Thessalonica andentered Constantinople for the first time on 24 November 380. He was toremain in Constantinople, or its immediate vicinity, until late 387.During the winter of 380/1 he wrote to Gratian for his help against theGoths in Illyricum, and Gratian replied first by sending his "generals"Bauto and Arbogast against them, then by taking to the field himself.They appear to have succeeded in driving the Goths and their allies fromIllyricum and back into Thrace during 381. Theodosius, however, did enjoya propaganda coup when the Gothic chieftain Athanaric surrendered to himat Constantinople on 11 January 381, although he died only two weekslater. Theodosius finally reached a settlement with the remainder of theGoths on 3 October 382. The exact terms of this settlement have not beenpreserved, but it is clear that the Goths were granted the right tosettle large amounts of land along the Danube frontier in the diocese ofThrace and enjoyed an unusual degree of autonomy. Many came to serve inthe Roman army, but the terms of their service remain unclear. Manyvolunteered to serve on a full-time professional basis, while more wereobliged to serve only for the duration of a specific campaign. Theresults were that the Goths who settled within the empire remained aconstant threat to its internal stability. A substantial number of Gothictroops defected to the side of Magnus Maximus when Theodosius joined hisforces with those of the young Valentinian II at Thessalonica in 387 inpreparation for their joint campaign westwards against Maximus. These hidin the rough country about Thessalonica until Theodosius managed to drivethem back into Thrace during his return from the West in 391, where theyremained a threat as late as 392 when they managed to kill the "general"Promotus. One of their emerging leaders, Alaric, participated inTheodosius' campaign against Eugenius in 394, only to resume hisrebellious behaviour against Theodosius' son and eastern successor,Arcadius, shortly thereafter. Nor did the external threat cease. The"general" Promotus won a notable victory for Theodosius in 386 when hedefeated an attempt by Odotheus and his Greuthungian Goths to force theirway across the Danube.
The East remained relatively quiet under Theodosius. The Saracensrejected their previous treaty of 377 with the Romans and resumed theirraids once more along the frontier from Arabia to Syria in 383apparently. We do not know the reason for this revolt, but the magisterpeditum praesentalis Richomer appears to have crushed it in but onecampaign that year. As a result, the Salihids replaced the Tanukhids asthe dominant group among Rome's Saracen foederati. As for the Persians,Theodosius maintained good relations with a rapid succession of Persiankings during his reign. Armenia remained a potential source of conflictbetween the two powers until they reached agreement upon the division ofthis country in 387 when Theodosius sent his magister militum perOrientem Stilicho on an embassy to the Persian court. In accordance withthis agreement, the pro-Roman king Arsak retained possession of thewestern part of the country, while the pro-Persian king Khosro retainedpossession of the eastern part.
Civil Wars Theodosius fought two bloody civil wars in quick successionagainst the usurpers Magnus Maximus and Eugenius. Magnus Maximus was afellow Spaniard who even claimed to be a relative of Theodosius himself.Like Theodosius, he was also a pious Catholic. Hence there was no deepideological differences between the two. Magnus Maximus had been thecommander of a field army in Britain in 383 when he had led his troopsback to Gaul in an attempt to seize power. He forced Gratian to flee froman initial encounter near Paris, but was blamed for Gratian'sassassination near Lyons as he made for northern Italy. This was the onlycharge which Theodosius could seriously have held against him in 383,that he had risen to power through the assassination of a legitimateemperor. War between the two had not been inevitable, and the oratorThemistius undoubtedly exaggerates when he claims that Theodosius set outagainst him in 384 with the intention of avenging Gratian's death. Theyoung Valentinian II continued to rule the prefectures of Italy,Illyricum and Africa, which constituted a buffer-ground between theterritories of his two more powerful colleagues. An uneasy peaceprevailed until the late summer of 387 when Maximus sent his troops intonorthern Italy and forced Valentinian to retreat to Thessalonica at theeastern extreme of his territory. Yet while Maximus may have struck thefirst formal blow in this renewed bout of civil war, one suspects that hefelt compelled to act as he did much because of the growing influence ofTheodosius over Valentinian and his ministers. One notes that Theodosius'magister peditum praesentalis Richomer was the uncle of Valentinian'smagister equitum praesentalis Arbogast, who was effectively the solecommander of Valentinian's forces at this point. More importantly,perhaps, Valentinian had appointed Gildo as his comes Africae ca. 386,and Theodosius had attempted to win Gildo over to his cause by marryingNebridius, a nephew of the empress Flaccilla, to Gildo's daughterSalvina.The fact that Maximus suffered some sort of serious defeat atSicily during the initial stage of the civil war in 388, and that hecommitted a large number of men to naval operations off the southernItalian coast under the command of his magister praesentalisAndragathius, suggests that Theodosius was well rewarded for his efforts,that he did at least persuade Gildo to defect to his side and seizeSicily on his behalf. Whatever the case, Theodosius joined withValentinian at Thessalonica during the late summer of 387, at which timehe also married Valentinian's sister Galla. They launched a jointexpedition against Maximus during the summer of 388, defeating his forcesin pitched battles at Siscia, then Poetovio. They then forced their wayacross the Alps and captured Maximus himself at Aquileia. They had himexecuted three miles outside Aquileia on 28 August 388, and sent Arbogastto do the same to his son Victor in Trier. However, they spared his wifeand two daughters.
Theodosius spent about three years in Italy until he began his returntrip to Constantinople in the summer of 391. Valentinian now ruled thewhole of the western empire, but he was increasingly dominated by hismagister peditum praesentalis Arbogast, whose own arrogance increased thefurther Theodosius moved from the scene. Matters came to a head in 392when Valentinian tried to cashier Arbogast and Arbogast simply refused toaccept his command. Valentinian secretly wrote to Theodosius for hisassistance, but was found dead on 15 May 392. An uneasy peace followed asArbogast awaited the news of Theodosius' reaction to the death of hisbrother-in-law Valentinian; Theodosius tried to determine whetherValentinian really had committed suicide as alleged. Unfortunately forall concerned, Theodosius was still married to Galla, who refused toaccept that her brother had committed suicide. Worse still, Arbogast'sstrongest advocate at Theodosius' court, his uncle Richomer, was mortallyill. As a hostile judgement seemed increasingly likely, Arbogast struckfirst. He hailed Valentinian's magister scrinii as emperor on 22 August392 and quickly secured Italy for his cause. In contrast to hisacceptance of Maximus for several years, Theodosius refused to recogniseEugenius as emperor right from the start. He publicly indicated this byhis refusal to accept Eugenius' nominees for the consulship of 393 and byhis coronation of his second son Honorius as Augustus on 23 January 393.The war did not begin until the summer of 394 when Theodosius finallybegan his march from Constantinople. The war was decided by one decisivebattle on the banks of the river Frigidus in the foothills of the Alps on6 September 394. While Christian sources delight to recount how Godassisted Theodosius by sending a wind to blow his enemies' weapons backinto their faces, the crucial factor was surely the decision by a keysection of Maximus' army under the comes Arbitio to defect from his sideto that of Theodosius. So Theodosius triumphed and had Eugenius executed,while Arbogast committed suicide.
Religious Policy Theodosius was Catholic and received baptism at thehands of bishop Acholius of Thessalonica during the autumn of 380 whenserious illness threatened his life. Two days after his first arrival inConstantinople on 24 November 380, Theodosius expelled the "Arian" bishopDemophilus of Constantinople from the churches of that city andsurrendered them to Gregory of Naziaznus who happened to be the leader ofthe small Catholic or "Nicene" community there at the time. This wasgreatly resented and may even have resulted in an attempt to assassinatethe emperor. He also called a synod of 150 Catholic bishops who assembledat Constantinople in May 381. An early meeting of this synod, when allthe bishops had not yet arrived, elected Gregory of Nazianzus as the newBishop of Constantinople, but he was quickly forced to resign. The synodthen elected the senator Nectarius, who obviously enjoyed the strongbacking of the emperor himself, in his stead. Theodosius' early reignwitnessed the gradual expulsion of all heretical bishops from the townsand cities of the East and the transfer of all church buildings andproperty to their Catholic rivals. The depth of resentment which suchpolicies caused can best be judged by the fact that in 388 "Arian" mobsat Constantinople rioted and caused widespread damage in reponse to thefalse rumour that Magnus Maximus had inflicted a severe defeat uponTheodosius.
Theodosius continued to tolerate the traditional pagan practices andrituals which had enjoyed toleration from successive Christian emperorsthroughout the fourth century, i.e., almost anything which did notinclude blood-sacrifice or did not smack of treason against the emperor,until 391 at least. He then issued a series of laws which seemedeffectively to prohibit all pagan worship by forbidding visits to pagansites of worship or even the adornment in any manner of the images of thegods. This apparent change of policy on his part has often been creditedto the increased influence of bishop Ambrose of Milan. For in 390 Ambrosehad excommunicated Theodosius because he had ordered the execution ofseveral thousand of the inhabitants of Thessalonica in response to themurder there of his "general" Butherichus. Theodosius accepted hisexcommunication and even performed several months of public penance, soit is all too easy too imagine how he might have taken the time to reviewhis other "failings" also, including his continued toleration ofpaganism. However, the importance of these laws has been greatlyexaggerated. They were limited in scope, specific measures in response tovarious petitions and accusations and tell us less about Theodosius thanthe private agenda of many of the increasingly militant Christians whocould be found throughout his administration. Although he had voiced hissupport earlier for the preservation of temples or pagan statues asuseful public buildings or as works of art, in 391 he officiallysanctioned the destruction of the most famous of the temples in the East,the Serapeum at Alexandria. Bands of monks and Christian officials hadlong been accustomed to take the law into their own hands and destroyvarious centres of pagan worship, but the destruction of the Serapeumseemed to confirm that such actions had often enjoyed the emperor's tacitapproval at least, and served to encourage such action in the futurealso. Again, however, Theodosius had been effectively manipulated intosanctioning the destruction of the Serapeum by local officials who hadessentially engineered the crisis there for this very purpose.
Family and Succession Theodosius married twice. His first wife was theSpanish Aelia Flavia Flaccilla. She bore him Arcadius ca. 377, Honoriuson 9 September 384, and Pulcheria ca. 385. Theodosius honoured her withthe title of Augusta shortly after his accession, but she died in 386. Inlate 387 he married Galla, daughter of Valentinian I and full-sister ofValentinian II. She bore him Gratian ca. 388, Galla Placidia ca. 388/390,and died in childbirth in 394, together with her new-born son John. Ofhis two sons who survived infancy, he appointed Arcadius as Augustus on19 January 383 and Honorius as Augustus on 23 January 393. His promotionof Arcadius as a full Augustus at an unusually young age points to hisdetermination right from the start that one of his own sons shouldsucceed him. He sought to strengthen Arcadius' position in particular bymeans of a series of strategic marriages whose purpose was to tie hisleading "generals" irrevocably to his dynasty. Hence he married his nieceand adoptive daughter Serena to his magister militum per OrientemStilicho in 387, her elder sister Thermantia to a "general" whose namehas not been preserved, and ca. 387 his nephew-in-law Nebridius toSalvina, daughter of the comes Africae Gildo. By the time of his death byillness on 17 January 395, Theodosius had promoted Stilicho from hisposition as one of the two comites domesticorum under his own easternadministration to that of magister peditum praesentalis in a westernadministration, in an entirely traditional manner, under his younger sonHonorius. Although Stilicho managed to increase the power of the magisterpeditum praesentalis to the disadvantage of his colleague the magisterequitum praesentalis and claimed that Theodosius had appointed him asguardian for both his sons, this tells us more about his cunning andambition than it does about Theodosius' constitutional arrangements.
Theodosius' importance rests on the fact that he founded a dynasty whichcontinued in power until the death of his grandson Theodosius II in 450.This ensured a continuity of policy which saw the emergence of NiceneChristianity as the orthodox belief of the vast majority of Christiansthroughout the middle ages. It also ensured the essential destruction ofpaganism and the emergence of Christianity as the religion of the state,even if the individual steps in this process can be difficult toidentify. On the negative side, however, he allowed his dynasticinterests and ambitions to lead him into two unnecessary and bloody civilwars which severely weakened the empire's ability to defend itself in theface of continued barbarian pressure upon its frontiers. In this manner,he put the interests of his family before those of the wider Romanpopulation and was responsible, in many ways, for the phenomenon to whichwe now refer as the fall of the western Roman empire.
The married GALLA -[50668] [MRIN:29644] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The next married Aelia Flavia FLACILLA -[27336] [MRIN:14781] 3,8,9.,24
263991410426441. Aelia Flavia FLACILLA-[27336],3,8,9,24 daughter of Valentinian (Flavius Valentinianus) I Emperor Of ROME -[27339] and Iustina Of ROME -[27340], died in 386 in Constantinople.
Aelia married Theodosius I "The Great" Emperor Of ROME -[48745] [MRIN:14781] 3,8,9.,24
263991410426442. Bauto Of The FRANKS-[31415] 3,8,9,24 was born about 350 and died.
Bauto married on 27 Jan 395 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705213221 i. Aelia EUDOXIA -[27745] (born about 380 - died on 6 Oct 404)
263991410426448. Constantine I "The Great" Emperor Of ROME-[50671],3,8,9,24 son of Constantius I (Flavius Valerius Constantius) Emperor Of ROME -[50674] and Helena Of The CROSS Empress Of Rome -[50675], was born from 27 Feb 287 to 288 in Naissus, Serbia,died on 22 May 337,at age 50, and was buried in Constantinople, Church Of The Holy Apostles.
General Notes: 1 NAME Constantine "the Great" of /Rome/ 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXTDate of Import: Jan 17, 2001 1 BIRT 2 DATE 265 2 PLAC ,Britain 2 SOURS033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001 1 DEAT 2 DATE 3362 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001
[De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: Universal Standard Encyclopedia, v.6; Kraentzler 1669, 1795.
K: Constantine "The Great," Emperor of Rome and Britain. Also FlaviusConstantine "the Great," Emperor of Britain, Gaul and Rome.
Universal: Constantine I, in full Flavius Valerius AureliusConstantinus (about 280-337 A.D.) Roman Emperor, born at Naissus (modernNish) in the Province of Moesia (now Yugoslavia). (See Smallwood, v2,pages 230-231 for more from the encyclopedia, which also gives dates ofabout 250-306). He prepared to conquer the Picts in Scotland. He died atEboracum (modern York) during the campaign.
The married Flavia Maxima FAUSTA -[50672] [MRIN:30698] in 307 in Arles, Bouche-Du-Rhône, Provence, France 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
263991410426449. Flavia Maxima FAUSTA-[50672],3,8,9,24 daughter of Maximianus Herculeus Emperor Of ROME -[50676] and Eutropia -[55422], was born about 289 and died in 326 at age 37.
Flavia married Constantine I "The Great" Emperor Of ROME -[50671] [MRIN:30698] in 307 in Arles, Bouche-Du-Rhône, Provence, France 3,8,9.,24
263991410426464. Miecislaus Of The VANDALS King Of Heruli-[50590],3,8,9,24 son of Wisimar King Of The HERULI -[50597] and Amalasunta Of SAXONY -[50606], was born about 320 in Germany and died about 388 at age 68.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705213232 i. Radigaisus King Of The VANDALS -[50588] (born about 350 in Eastern Hungary - died about 405)
263991410426480. Winithar King Of The OSTROGOTHS-[48847],3,8,9,24 son of Walaravens Prince Of The GOTHS -[48857], was born in 345 and died in 420 at age 75.
General Notes: 1 NAME Winithar (Wandilar) of the /Ostrogoths/ 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
Children from this marriage were:
i. Valia (Walia, Wallia) King Of The OSTROGOTHS -[56619] was born in 380 and died in 425 at age 45.
131995705213240 ii. Wandalar King Of The OSTROGOTHS -[48838] (born in 375 - died in 459)
263991410430976. Thorri SNAERSSON-[43088],3,8,9,24 son of Snaer Jokulsson King Of FINLAND -[57475], was born about 320 in Raumsdahl, Norway and died.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705215488 i. Norr THURASSON -[43087] (born in 345 in Raumsdahl, Norway - died)
263991411097600. Theodemir -[5760] 3,8,9,34 was born about 374 and died on 15 Aug 414 at age 40.
Theodemir married Blesinde -[5762] [MRIN:2191] 3,8,9.,34
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705548800 i. King, Clodion Of Salic Franks -[5605] (born in 398 - died in 448)
263991411097601. Blesinde -[5762] 3,8,9.,34
Blesinde married Theodemir -[5760] [MRIN:2191] 3,8,9.,34
263991411100672. Theodon Of BAVARIA-[33489] 3,8,9,24 was born in 425 and died in 511 at age 86.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705550336 i. Theodon I Duke Of BAVARIA -[57306] (born about 450 - died in 537)
263991411100724. Attila "The Scourge Of God" The HUN King Of The Huns-[46206],3,8,9,24 son of Mundzuk, Prince Of The HUNS -[57279] and Irene COMNENA -[57289], was born in 392 and died in 454 at age 62.
The married Julia Gratia HONORIA -[46207] [MRIN:28247] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705550362 i. Elak The HUN -[46204] (born in 416 - died in 451)
The next married Gundred Of BURGUNDY -[57278] [MRIN:28250] 3,8,9.,24 Gundred was born about 420 in France and died.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
i. Ernak, King Of The HUNS -[57277] was born about 445 in Hungary and died in 476 at age 31.
The next married Kriemhilt -[57288] [MRIN:28251] 3,8,9.,24 Kriemhilt was born about 410 in Romania and died.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
263991411100725. Julia Gratia HONORIA-[46207],3,8,9,24 daughter of Constantius III Emperor Of The ROME -[50665] and Aelia Galla PLACIDA -[59589], died.
Julia married Attila "The Scourge Of God" The HUN King Of The Huns -[46206] [MRIN:28247] 3,8,9.,24
263991411101696. Clodius IV Duke Of The East FRANKS-[49133],3,8,9,24 son of Dagobert II Duke Of The East FRANKS -[49143], was born in 324 and died in 389 32 at age 65.
General Notes: 1 NAME Clodius I of the East /Franks/ 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXTDate of Import: Jan 17, 2001 1 BIRT 2 DATE BEF. 379 2 SOUR S033320 3DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001
[De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: Kraentzler 1772, 1773, 1809; Pfafman; AF.
K: Clodius I, Duke of the East Franks. Also King of the SalistianFranks. Died 378 (line 1773) and 389 (line 1809).
Pfafman: Clodius I, Duke of the East Franks 379-389. Died 389.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705550848 i. Marcomir Duke Of The East FRANKS -[49122] (born in 347 - died in 404)
263991411101700. Dagobert II King Of The Salic FRANKS-[49007],3,8,9,24 son of Clodius IV King Of The FRANKS -[49018], was born in 325 and died in 389 32 at age 64.
General Notes: 1 NAME Dagobert III of the East /Franks/ 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXTDate of Import: Jan 17, 2001
[De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: Kraentzler 1772; Pfafman.
Pfafman: Dagobert, 1st Duke of East Franks under the Romans. Died 389.
K: Dagobert was the first Duke under the Romans.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705550850 i. Genebald King Of The Salic FRANKS -[49001] (born in 354 - died in 419)
263991411101716. Aegidius -[27989] 3,8,9,24 was born about 350 and died in Soisson, Gaul.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705550858 i. Flavius Africanus SYAGRIUS Gallo-Roman Consul -[27785] (born in 381 - died in Gaul)
263991411101776. Giolahaire (Giolahainede) Of BURGUNDY-[27347],3,8,9,24 son of Godomar Of BURGUNDY -[27350], was born about 360.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705550888 i. Gundicus King Of BURGUNDY -[48920] (born in 385 in Oder Vistula River Region Of Germany - died in 436 in Burgundy)
263991411101778. Atanarich King Of The West GOTHS-[27990],3,8,9,24 son of Hrothisteus Of The West GOTHS -[27991], died in 381.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705550889 i. Hrothildis Of The West GOTHS -[57585] (died)
263991411101782. Walia King Of The VISIGOTHS-[31976] 3,8,9,24 was born in 380 and died in 425 at age 45.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705550891 i. Daughter Of Walia Of The VISIGOTHS -[31975] (born in 410 - died)
263991411101784. Fredemundus Of The Salic FRANKS-[31784],3,8,9,24 son of Pharamond King Of WESTPHALIA -[48984] and Argotta Princess Of The Salic FRANKS -[48992], died.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705550892 i. Ermengaire (Edeko) Nascien I, Prince Of SEPTIMANIA -[31783] (born about 415 - died)
263991411101786. Valia (Walia, Wallia) King Of The OSTROGOTHS-[56619],3,8,9,24 son of Winithar King Of The OSTROGOTHS -[48847], was born in 380 and died in 425 at age 45.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705550893 i. Princess Of The OSTROGOTHS -[27737] (born about 416 in Toledo, Castile, Ostrogoth Empire In Spain - died)
263991411101788. Procopius II -[27735],3,8,9,24 son of Senator, Anthemius Praetorian Prefect Of The East -[55732], was born before 366 and died after 420 about age 54.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705550894 i. Anthemius Emperor Of ROME -[27736] (born about 420 - died on 11 Jul 472)
263991411101790. Flavius Valerius Marcian Emperor Of ROME-[27743] 3,8,9,24 was born in 396 in Thrace and died in 457 in Constantinople at age 61.
General Notes: Early Life and Accession
Relatively little is known about Marcian before his accession to thethrone. He was most probably an Illyrian by birth, although one sourceclaims that he was a Thracian. Born in 392, he, like many other publicmen from that region, made his career in the military. His father hadbeen a soldier and Marcian first served in the city of Philippopolis inThrace. From there, Marcian as a tribune went with his unit to fight thePersians in 421-2, but he apparently became ill in Lycia and never sawaction in the campaign.
From this relatively inauspicious beginning, he served as personalassistant (domesticus) to the emperor's commander-in-chief (magisterutriusque militiae), Aspar. This placed Marcian in the highest militarycircles, but certainly did not provide him with any singular distinction.In the early 430's, he served with Aspar in Africa and was apparentlycaptured by the Vandals. In one fanciful story, no doubt a creation oflater writers, Marcian supposedly met the Vandal king, Gaiseric, whopredicted that he would one day be emperor. After his capture, we know nomore of his career before his accession to the throne in 450.
With the death of Theodosius II under somewhat mysterious circumstances,the imperial succession was thrown open to question for the first time inover 60 years. Theodosius had left no available heir: his one survivingchild, Licinia Eudoxia, had married Valentinian III. According to aseventh century source, the emperor on his deathbed willed Marcian to behis heir, but this story was almost assuredly a product of propagandaafter the event. Whatever the case, Aspar engineered his candidacy withthe agreement of Theodosius' sister, Pulcheria Augusta, who married theformer tribune. With the support of the last representative of theTheodosian house in the east and the head general, Marcian received thesupport of the Senate and the armies. On August 25, 450, Pulcheriaherself gave him the imperial diadem, an unique event implying that anAugusta shared in the imperial power. In return, Marcian swore to respecther virginity and be a staunch champion of religious orthodoxy. ThatPulcheria's virginity remained intact indicates the political nature ofthis marriage. Quickly thereafter, he had his only daughter, Aelia MarciaEuphemia, marry the future western emperor, Anthemius.
Religious Policies
Shortly after his accession, Marcian called the Fourth Ecumenical Councilat Chalcedon, held in late 451. Bishops and their representativeswrestled with the religious controversies surrounding the beliefs ofNestorius, Eutyches and other monophysite thinkers who questioned thenature of Christ. The assembled orthodox clerics condemned monophysitismoutright, holding to the belief that Christ had one nature, both humanand divine. Marcian had pushed to the fore the views of Pope Leo (fromthe so-called Tome of Leo), no doubt hoping that the bishop of Rome wouldin turn support his reign with Valentinian III (Valentinian gave onlylukewarm recognition to his imperial colleague). Whatever the rationalebehind his support, the western--that is, papal--position was forwardedand declared orthodox by the council.
Nor was the emperor afraid to back up the council's decision. WhenPalestinian monks rose in revolt in 453, Marcian sent troops on a regularcampaign to quell the insurrection. He also insured the installation ofthe new archbishop, Proterius, in Alexandria after similar violence inthat city.
The council at Chalcedon was also important because it more clearlyoutlined the increasing split between east and west. Pope Leo's legateshad been the only western representatives at a supposedly ecumenicalcouncil, signifying the degree to which the west was distracted by itsown religious and political concerns. The council had also passed a canonover the objections of Leo which gave the archbishop at Constantinopleofficial oversight over the whole east. This would prove a key stickingpoint in later years and helped to separate the two halves ofChristendom.
In addition to the Fourth Ecumenical Council, Marcian also supported hiswife's extensive building projects until her death in July of 453.Unsurprisingly, they were all churches and Pulcheria did much to furtherthe mother of God (theotokos) cult.
Political and Military Policies
Marcian's reign began with an immediate change in policy toward Attilaand the Huns. In the last years of Theodosius II, the chamberlain andguardian (spatharius), Chrysaphius, had largely been the architect ofappeasement in regards to the Hunnic confederation, paying out hugeindemnities as safeguards against potential attack. Shortly afterMarcian's coronation, Chrysaphius was either murdered or executed, andthe new emperor refused to pay any more subsidies.
Marcian's decision had been ill-conceived, but as it turned out, it wasenormously successful. The senatorial aristocracy, which had beenstrongly opposed to treating with barbarians, heartily supported thisaction. More importantly, Attila became too absorbed in western imperialpolitics to deal with the recalcitrant Marcian, although the Huns mayhave also thought that the western court was an easier target to bullyand extort money from. And before Attila could refocus his attention onthe east, he died and his empire disintegrated. The emperor quicklyformed alliances with those peoples previously under Hunnic domination,especially the Ostrogoths, to thwart their re-emergence. Indeed, theemperor even permitted these peoples to settle as federates in Pannonia,Thrace and Illyricum. Marcian's policy also resulted in saving theimperial treasury enormous sums: at the end of his reign, Marcian lefthis successor 100,000 pounds of gold.
Little other military action happened during his tenure, although therewere some campaigns against Saracens in Syria and against the Blemmyes inEgypt. The lack of any long-term, large-scale wars with the Persians,Huns or others also meant that the emperor was able to amass more fundsthan might otherwise have occurred. But it seems, too, that the emperortried to avoid confrontation: the assassination of Valentinian III andthe subsequent Vandal sack of Rome in 455 was met with muted silence fromthe east. The emperor contented himself with sending an embassy toGaiseric requesting the return of the empress, Eudoxia, and herdaughters.
Marcian did remain largely beholden to Aspar, however. Perhaps because ofhis support, Marcian made the general a patrician. The emperor alsoappointed his son, Ardabur, the commander-in-chief for the East (magisterutriusque militiae per Orientem) and perhaps made him a patrician aswell. It is difficult to tell whether they dictated policy, but it seemsthat if they did, Aspar and his son were for the most part careful not tostep on the political toes of Constantinople's ruling class. Despite thegeneral's power, there was still a strong anti-Germanic sentiment amongthe aristocracy.
Towards the end of his reign in 456, Marcian heavily censured the Greensthroughout the Eastern Roman Empire, one of the two circus factionscontinually at war with one another. When they showed their displeasureat the emperor's patronage of the Blues, he forbade the Greens fromholding any administrative or public posts for three years. SinceChrysaphius had favored the Greens, these actions may have had a dynasticaspect to them.
Financial and Legal Reforms
Most of Marcian's financial policies were designed to placate thesenatorial aristocracy and in those policies, he was also verysuccessful. The one tax upon senatorial wealth, the collatio glebalis,was abolished, more easily accomplished since the emperor no longersubsidized the Huns. Of equal importance to the senatorial elite, Marcianended many of the financial obligations owed by holders of the oldrepublican offices. Praetors and consuls normally had to put on largepublic games, the latter also having to distribute wealth to the generalpublic of Constantinople. Now only the highest-ranking senators, theillustres, were eligible to serve in these offices and they were notrequired to spend the huge sums of money that had been traditionallyassociated with holding them. The financial windfall for the aristocracywas great and since it had previously gone to public entertainmentsinstead of imperial coffers, the emperor could easily afford suchmunificence.
Marcian did try to address other financial issues, too. Upon hisaccession, he proclaimed a remission of all old monies owed to the state.Again, this probably benefited the wealthier classes, but it certainlyspread to a much broader spectrum of imperial society. Of equalimportance was a campaign against the sale of governmental offices. Thefact that the emperor Anastasius and others also tried to halt thispractice demonstrates the endemic nature of the problem. Nevertheless,his attempt was a recognition of a corrupt custom that led to othercorruptions.
His legal record is much less clear, although a few of his enactmentssurvive. Perhaps his most significant was a law rescinding a previous lawof the emperor Constantine, which had in turn been an extension of anAugustan law. Whereas it had been previously illegal for a member of thesenatorial class to marry a freeborn poor woman (humilis), Marcian nowpermitted such a match assuming that the lady in question was of goodmoral character. It was significant law not only in itself, but also to afuture law of the emperor Justin in the 520's, which allowed senators andother lowborn women (infames) to marry: that law permitted Justinian andTheodora to wed. Whether Marcian's decree was in reaction to a specificcase, however, is unknown.
Death and Assessment
In January of 457, Marcian died at the age of 65, supposedly of gangrenein the feet. Legend has it that he was also on a long religiousprocession on the eve of his death. The emperor was buried in the Churchof the Apostles next to his wife, Pulcheria. Despite the fact that he hadmarried his daughter to Anthemius, she had no Theodosian connection andhence lacked even the legitimacy that Marcian had gained throughmarriage. Anthemius did not succeed his father-in-law.
Later Byzantine writers looked back at Marcian's reign as something of agolden age. He had secured the political and financial security of theeast, had established the orthodox line that future emperors wouldsupport, and had achieved a fair amount of political harmony andstability within the capital city. These things were all real, but muchof his success must also be accorded to luck. The Persians and Huns wereabsorbed with other matters, no great natural disasters had crippled theresources of the government, and he was fortunate that there was arepresentative of the house of Theodosius to validate his position. It isalso clear that he steadfastly remained out of entanglements with thewest. In that sense, Marcian's rule was the conceptual end of auniversal--and unified--Roman Empire.
Sources and Bibliography
No true comprehensive descriptions of Marcian's life or reign survive.The Ecclesiastical History (Historia Ecclesiastica) of Evagrius offerssome important details of his early life, as does the Chronographia ofTheophanes. The decisions of the Council of Chalcedon can be found in theofficial Acta (E. Schwartz et al. eds., Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum v.2 [1932-8]). For the rest of his reign, the Chronicon Paschale, thechronicles of Marcellinus comes, the Lexicon of Suidas, the Chronographiaof John Malalas, and the fragmented history of Priscus are all valuablesources. John Lydus' Magistracies of the Roman People (De magistratibuspopuli Romani) also offers important information about the state'sfinances. Several laws survive: CJ i:39:2, xii:2:2, xii:3:2, and severalnovellae.
Bury, J.B. (1923) History of the Later Roman Empire from the death ofTheodosius I to the death of Justinian (New York).
Croke, B., (1978) "The Date and Circumstances of Marcian's Decease, A.D.457," Byzantion 48, 5-9.
Devos, P., (1976) "Saint Jean de Lycopolis et l'empereur Marcien,"Analecta Bollandiana 94, 303-16.
Holum, Kenneth (1982), Theodosian Empresses (Berkeley).
Jones, A.H.M. et al. (1970), The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire,vol. 1 (Cambridge).
Kohlfelder, R.L., (1984) "Marcian's Gamble: A Reassessment of EasternImperial Policy toward Attila AD 450-453," American Journal of AncientHistory 9, 54-69.
Martindale, J.R. (1980), The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire,vol. 2 (Cambridge).
Thompson, E.A., (1950) "The Foreign Policies of Theodosius II andMarcian," Hermathena 76, 58-75.
Copyright (C) 1998, Geoffrey S. Nathan. This file may be copied on thecondition that the entire contents, including the header and thiscopyright notice, remain intact.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flavius married St., Aelia PULCHERIA Augusta -[27744] [MRIN:15182] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705550895 i. Aelia Marca Euphemia Of ROME -[27742] (born in 425 - died in 472)
263991411101791. St., Aelia PULCHERIA Augusta-[27744],3,8,9,24 daughter of Flavius Arcadius Emperor Of CONSTANTINOPLE -[27746] and Aelia EUDOXIA -[27745], was born from 19 Jan 398 to 399 in Constantinople and died in 453 at age 55.
General Notes: Pulcheria Roman empress, regent for her younger brother Theodosius II(Eastern Roman emperor 408-450) from 414 to about 416, and an influentialfigure in his reign for many years thereafter. Arcadius (reigned383-408) and his wife, Eudoxia. Pulcheria assumed the regency upon herappointment as Augusta (empress) on July 4, 414, and the court she ruledwas characterized by extreme piety and chastity. In 421 she arranged themarriage of Theodosius with Athenais, who assumed the name Eudocia. Butthe two women quarreled about 440, and Eudocia in 443 withdrewpermanently to Jerusalem. The grand chamberlain Chrysaphius then acquiredthe dominant influence over Theodosius. When this adviser fell from powershortly before Theodosius' death (inJuly 450), Pulcheria again came intoprominence. She selected Marcian as Theodosius' successor and agreed tobecome his nominal wife in order to preserve the Theodosian dynasty. Oct.25, 451, she attended the Council of Chalcedon and wasloudly acclaimed bythe bishops assembled there. She builtseveral churches in Constantinopleand left all her possessionsto the poor.
Aelia married Flavius Valerius Marcian Emperor Of ROME -[27743] [MRIN:15182] 3,8,9.,24
263991411102272. Alaric I King Of The VISIGOTHS-[31984] 3,8,9,24 was born about 370 in Romania and died.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705551136 i. Theodoric I King Of The VISIGOTHS -[31983] (born about 395 - died)
263991411106432. Firuz V Sassanid King Of PERSIA-[50719],3,8,9,24 son of Yazdagird II Sassanid King Of PERSIA -[50721] and Dinak -[50720], died in 484 in Fell In Battle Against The Hephthalites; His Treasures And Family Were Captured, And The Country Was Devastated.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705553216 i. Kavadh I Sassanid King Of PERSIA -[50718] (born about 470 - died on 13 Sep 531)
263991411259392. Witgilis Von ENGERN Duke-[57580],3,8,9,24,32 son of Witta Of The SAXONS King Of Saxons -[57582], was born about 360 32 and died in 434 32 at age 74.
General Notes: [De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: Kraentzler 1675; AF. K: Witgilis, Duke von Engern.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995705629696 i. Hengist King Of KENT Prince Of The Jutes -[57581] (born about 415 in Saxony - died in 488)
263991413475328. Ernak, King Of The HUNS-[57277],3,8,9,24 son of Attila "The Scourge Of God" The HUN King Of The Huns -[46206] and Gundred Of BURGUNDY -[57278], was born about 445 in Hungary and died in 476 at age 31.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131995706737664 i. Chaba (Chola), Prince Of The HUNS -[57276] (born about 470 in Hungary - died after 530 in Scythia Minor)
263992198168576. Damangard Reti Mac Fergusso King Of The SCOTS-[28625],3,8,9,24 son of Fergus Mor King Of The SCOTS -[28626], was born in 476 and died in 560 at age 84.
Damangard married Fedelmia Princess Of IRELAND -[28621] [MRIN:16059] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131996099084288 i. Gavran King Of The SCOTS -[28620] (born in 499 - died in 560)
263992198168577. Fedelmia Princess Of IRELAND-[28621],3,8,9,24 daughter of Brion Mugmedon King Of IRELAND -[28624], was born in 477 and died on an unknown date.
Fedelmia married Damangard Reti Mac Fergusso King Of The SCOTS -[28625] [MRIN:16059] 3,8,9.,24
263992198168578. Brychan Prince Of Manau MANAU GODODDIN-[59614],3,8,9,24 son of Saint Bryan Ap ANLACH King Of Brycheinniog & Brecknoc -[28441] and RIBRAWST -[57645], was born in 450 and died on an unknown date.
Brychan married INGENACH -[28604] [MRIN:16041] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131996099084289 i. LLUAN -[28603] (born in 500 - died on an unknown date)
263992198168579. INGENACH -[28604],3,8,9,24 daughter of Dumnagual Dyfnwal Hen King Of STRATHCLYDE -[41697], was born in 480 and died on an unknown date.
INGENACH married Brychan Prince Of Manau MANAU GODODDIN -[59614] [MRIN:16041] 3,8,9.,24
263992198169344. (Malcolm) COLUIM-[31384],3,8,9,24 son of BAEDAN -[31385], died.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131996099084672 i. NECHTAN -[31383] (died)
263992199159808. Aun JORUNDSSON-[57491],3,8,9,24,32 son of Jorund YNGVASSON -[57506], was born about 509 in , Sweden. 32
General Notes: [De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: RC 166; Kraentzler 1671.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131996099579904 i. Egil AUNSSON -[57493] (born about 530 in , Sweden)
263992200216576. St. Hmayeak MAMAKONIAN-[57361],3,8,9,24 son of Hamazasp I MAMAKONIAN -[57533] and Sahakanoysh Souren Pahlav Of ARMENIA -[57541], was born in 410 in Armenia and died on 2 Jun 451 at age 41.
St. married Dzouk Of ARTSRUNI -[57436] [MRIN:33977] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131996100108288 i. Vard Patrik MAMAKONIAN Viceroy Of Armenia -[57488] (born in 450 in Armenia - died in 509 in Armenia)
263992200216577. Dzouk Of ARTSRUNI-[57436],3,8,9,24 daughter of Vram Of ARTSRUNI -[27483].
Dzouk married St. Hmayeak MAMAKONIAN -[57361] [MRIN:33977] 3,8,9.,24
263992201478144. St., Dagobert II King Of AUSTRASIA-[48626],3,8,9,24 son of Saint, Sigibert III King Of AUSTRASIA -[59024] and Immachilde (Hymnegilde) -[59023], was born in 652 and died in 679 at age 27.
Noted events in his life were:
• Title (Facts Pg): Between 674 and 678, King Of Austrasia.
Dagobert married Giselle DE RAZES -[48632] [MRIN:29565] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
Dagobert next married Ragnetrude -[32017] [MRIN:19021] 3,8,9.,24 Ragnetrude-[32017] died.
263992201478145. Giselle DE RAZES-[48632],3,8,9,24 daughter of Bera II Comte DE RAZES -[48641] and Gisilica Princess Of The VISIGOTHS -[48651], was born in 655 and died in 676 at age 21.
Giselle married St., Dagobert II King Of AUSTRASIA -[48626] [MRIN:29565] 3,8,9.,24
263992207745024. Dan The Proud OLAFSSON-[57592],3,8,9,24,32 son of Olaf "The Mild" VERMUNDSSON -[57596], was born about 412 in , Denmark 32 and died on an unknown date.
General Notes: [De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: Kraentzler and AF.
Kraentzler and AF insert this generation between Frodi and Olaf.Possible. Could be 21-year generations.
Dan married Auda HLEITHRA -[53581] [MRIN:32122] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131996103872512 i. Frodi "The Peaceful" DANSSON -[57593] (born about 433 in Denmark - died on an unknown date)
263992207745025. Auda HLEITHRA-[53581] 3,8,9,24 was born in 412 and died.
Auda married Dan The Proud OLAFSSON -[57592] [MRIN:32122] 3,8,9.,24
263999928664064. Nath Maccrimthann O'CHEINNSELAIG-[59243],3,8,9,24 son of Crimthann Macendae King Of LEINSTER -[59244].
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131999964332032 i. Eogan Caeg Macnath O'CHEINNSELAIG -[59242]
263999928673280. Mael Fithrick Macaedo Uaridnaig O'NEILL-[59150],3,8,9,24 son of Aed Uaridnaig O'neill King Of IRELAND -[59151], died in 630.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131999964336640 i. Mael Duin Macmael Fithrick O'NEILL -[59149] (died in 681)
263999928680448. Carthan Fionn Oge NOR-[28359],3,8,9,24 son of BLAD -[28360], died on an unknown date.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131999964340224 i. Eaochaid BALLDEARG -[56074] (died on an unknown date)
263999928682496. Senach King Of West CONNAUGHT-[28286],3,8,9,24 son of Dui Tenga Uma King Of CONNAUGHT -[28287], died on an unknown date.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131999964341248 i. AED -[28285] (died on an unknown date)
263999928687616. Indrechtach Macmuiredach King Of CONNACHT-[59301],3,8,9,24 son of Muiredach Muillethan King Of CONNACHT -[59302], died in 723.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
131999964343808 i. Murgal Macindrechtach Of CONNACHT -[59300]
264000718341120. Nezamysl Duke Of BOHEMIA-[27765],3,8,9,24 son of Premysl Duke Of BOHEMIA -[27766] and Libuse Duchess Of BOHEMIA -[27767], was born about 707 in Praha, Czechoslovakia and died in 783 at age 76.
Nezamysl married HRUBA -[27764] [MRIN:15197] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
132000359170560 i. Mnaata Duke Of BOHEMIA -[27763] (born about 725 in Praha, Czechoslovakia - died in 804)
264000718341121. HRUBA -[27764] 3,8,9,24 was born about 710 and died.
HRUBA married Nezamysl Duke Of BOHEMIA -[27765] [MRIN:15197] 3,8,9.,24
264000768049152. Ceneu (Cynan) Ap Coel GODEBOG-[53578],3,8,9,24,32 son of Coel Hen Godebog Ap TEHVANT -[54068] and Ysfrawel Verch Cadfan GADRON -[57676].
264000768753664. Coirpre Maccormac O'dunlainge King Of LEINSTER-[59272],3,8,9,24 son of Cormac Macailill O'dunlainge King Of LEINSTER -[59273], was born in 500.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
132000384376832 i. Colman Mar Maccoirpre O'DUNLAINGE -[59271] (born in 530)
264000768753792. Colman Macdiarmait O'NEILL-[59211],3,8,9,24 son of Diarmait Maccerbaill O'neill King Of IRELAND -[59212], died in 558.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
132000384376896 i. Suibne Maccolman O'NEILL -[59210] (died in 600)
264000768829440. Llary Ap Casnar WLEDIG-[57843],3,8,9,24,32 son of Casnar WLEDIG -[57858], was born 640 B.C and died.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
Children from this marriage were:
132000384414720 i. Rhun Rhudd Bwladr Ap LLARY -[57834]
ii. Rhun Rhudd Baladr Ap LLARY -[28424] was born in 600 BC and died on an unknown date.
264000768829568. Euchaid Allmiur "Oversea" Of The DESSI-[28445],3,8,9,24 son of Art CORP -[28446], was born about 270 and died on an unknown date.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
132000384414784 i. Corath MACEOTHAID -[49601] (born about 290 - died on an unknown date)
264000768829632. Euddigan Ap EUDEYRN-[59319],3,8,9,24 son of Euderyn Ap EIFYDD -[59320], died on an unknown date.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
132000384414816 i. Rhodi Ap EUDDIGAN -[59318] (died on an unknown date)
264000768829664. Flavius EUTROPIUS-[50678],3,8,9,24,32 son of Titus FLAVIUS -[57746], was born about 200.
General Notes: 1 NAME /Eutropius/
Flavius married Claudia CRISPINA -[50679] [MRIN:30700] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
Children from this marriage were:
132000384414832 i. Constantius I (Flavius Valerius Constantius) Emperor Of ROME -[50674] (born in 242 in Eboracum, England - died before 25 Jul 306 in Eboracum, England)
ii. Eutropia -[55422] was born about 235 and died in 325 at age 90.
264000768829665. Claudia CRISPINA-[50679],3,8,9,24 daughter of Commodus Crispus Emperor Of ROME -[50681] and Bruttia CRISPINA -[50680], was born about 203.
General Notes: 1 NAME /Claudia/ 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17,2001
Claudia married Flavius EUTROPIUS -[50678] [MRIN:30700] 3,8,9.,24
264000768829666. Coel II King Of COLCHESTER-[57445],3,8,9,24,32 son of Meric (Marius) Of BRITAIN King Of Britain -[56460] and Penardun (Julia) Princess Of The ICENIANS -[59599], was born about 218. 32
General Notes: [De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: Kraentzler 1795; AF. K: Coel, King of Colchester.
Coel married Strada The FAIR -[57009] [MRIN:30701] after 232 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
132000384414833 i. Helena Of The CROSS Empress Of Rome -[50675] (born in 265 in Drepanum, Bithynia - died between 336 and 337)
264000768829667. Strada The FAIR-[57009],3,8,9,24,32 daughter of Cadvan Of CAMBRIA Prince Of Wales -[57040] and Gladys Verch Lleuvar MAWR -[56996], was born about 223. 32
General Notes: 1 NAME /Strada/
[De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: Kraentzler 1795, AF.
Strada married Coel II King Of COLCHESTER -[57445] [MRIN:30701] after 232 3,8,9.,24
264000768829680. Llyr Llediath Of COLCHESTER-[59594],3,8,9,24 son of PARAR -[59595], died on an unknown date.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
132000384414840 i. Bran Of COLCHESTER -[59593] (died on an unknown date)
264000768829692. Gratian -[27653] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
132000384414846 i. Valentinian (Flavius Valentinianus) I Emperor Of ROME -[27339] (born in 321 in Cibalis In Southern Pannonia - died on 17 Nov 375 in Brigetio, Pannonia Inferior)
264000768829694. Licinianus Of ROME-[48734],3,8,9,24 son of Licinius Of ROME -[28619] and Constantina Of ROME -[59590], was born about 304 and died before 364 before age 61.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
132000384414847 i. Iustina Of ROME -[27340] (born about 338)
264000768917504. Meirchion (Meirchiawn) Gul Ap GWRST-[53598],3,8,9,24,32 son of Gwrst Ledlwm Ap CENEU -[53589], was born about 438 and died about 535 at age 97.
Meirchion married Essylt (Isold) Verch Culvynyd PRYDA -[57674] [MRIN:19866] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
Children from this marriage were:
263990880501760 i. Cenfarch Oer Ap MEIRCHION GUL -[57669]
132000384458752 ii. Elidir Ap MEIRCHION -[33072] (born about 490 - died)
264000768917505. Essylt (Isold) Verch Culvynyd PRYDA-[57674],3,8,9,24,32 daughter of Culwynedd PRYDAIN -[57675], was born about 440.
Essylt married Meirchion (Meirchiawn) Gul Ap GWRST -[53598] [MRIN:19866] 3,8,9.,24
264000768917506. Saint Bryan Ap ANLACH King Of Brycheinniog & Brecknoc-[28441],3,8,9,24 son of Anlach MACCORMAC -[49556] and Marchell Verch TEWDRIG -[49567], was born in 419 and died in 450 at age 31.
General Notes: 1 NAME Brychan /Brycheiniog/ 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date ofImport: Jan 17, 2001 1 DEAT 2 DATE ABT. 450 2 SOUR S033320 3 DATA 4TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001
Born in Ireland but soon his parents moved to Wales. Was the King ofGarthmadryn, which was later called Brecknockafter him. Many of hischildren had the reputation of great sanctity and preached the Gospel tothe Britions who had relapsed into paganism [De La Pole.FTW]
Brychan Brycheiniog was the King of Garthmadryn, which was later calledBrycheiniog or Brecknock after him. He began his reign about 400, anddied about 450. He married and had numerous issue. Many of his childrenhad the reputation of great sanctity and preached the Gospel to theBritons who had relapsed into paganism.
SOURCES:
Source not indicated.
Saint married RIBRAWST -[57645] [MRIN:15892] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
Saint next married Prawst Verch TUDWAL -[33057] [MRIN:15893] 3,8,9.,24
264000768917507. Prawst Verch TUDWAL-[33057],3,8,9,24 daughter of Tudwal Ap GWRFAWR MORFA -[33060] and Gratian Verch MACSEN WLEDIG -[33058], was born about 400 and died.
Prawst married Saint Bryan Ap ANLACH King Of Brycheinniog & Brecknoc -[28441] [MRIN:15893] 3,8,9.,24
264000769097728. Ller Merini Ap MERICHIONGUL-[37011],3,8,9,24 son of Mairchiongul Ap GORWST LEDLUM -[37012], was born about 590 and died.
Ller married Gwenllian -[37010] [MRIN:22679] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
132000384548864 i. Cradoc Fraichfras Ap LLER MERINI -[37009] (born about 620 - died)
264000769097729. Gwenllian -[37010] 3,8,9,24 died.
Gwenllian married Ller Merini Ap MERICHIONGUL -[37011] [MRIN:22679] 3,8,9.,24
264000769097730. Fortasse PYLL MAWR-[37008] 3,8,9,24 was born about 590 and died.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
132000384548865 i. Tegaus Vron Verch PYLL MAWR -[37007] (born about 620 - died)
264000818384928. Terval, Caesar Of BULGARIA-[27647],3,8,9,24 son of Asparukh Khan Of The BULGARS -[27648], was born about 675 in Eastern Bulgaria and died after 718 in Eastern Bulgaria after age 42.
General Notes: A TALENTED COMMANDER and a deft diplomat this is how historians describethe son of Asparukh and second Bulgarian ruler. It is disputed whetherTervel ascended the throne in 700 or 701 after Asparukh was presumablykilled in a battle with the Khazars. He ardently continued his father'slifework. The Byzantine emperors bitterly regretted that they had alloweda pagan state to form in the empire's lands north of the Balkan range.And the empire was being weakened by internecine feuds for the throne andwas suffering defeats in wars with the Arabs. As soon as he ascended thethrone, Khan Tervel focused his attention on the southern border whereByzantium no longer posed as grave a threat as it used to. In theinvolved relations with the empire he applied the power of the sword andthe wiliness of diplomacy with equal deftness. He persistently pursuedhis major purpose: to expand the territory of the new state and toestablish himself as an independent ruler. His abilities as a statesmanand the developments in the neighboring Byzantium allowed him to achieveboth.
In 705 Khan Tervel's army helped Emperor Justinian II to regain histhrone. The grateful basileus welcomed the Bulgarian Khan inConstantinople with great honors, putting a royal mantle on his shouldersand showering him with gifts. Khan Tervel and Emperor Justinian stoodtogether as equals at the parade of Byzantine troops. And best of all,under the new treaty Bulgaria received, for the first time, lands southof the Balkan range: the region of Zagora in Eastern Thrace, throughwhich many strategic routes passed. Furthermore, the Khan was awarded thetitle of Caesar, making him second only to the emperor. This was thefirst time in Byzantine history that a foreigner was bestowed such atitle, and a lead seal reading "Mother of God, help the Caesar Tervel"attests to the honor.
The Khan, however, was not lulled by the honors he knew the waywardnessof Byzantine rulers all too well. When three years later Justinian IImarched on Zagora in an attempt to recapture it, Tervel routed him nearAnchialo (Pomorie), taking many prisoners and weapons. Twice more theByzantine army was put to flight and after successful raids into Thracein 712, Tervel reached the walls of Constantinople. This is when thedream of Bulgaria's medieval rulers was born: to enter the Byzantinecapital in triumph.
With the conclusion of the famous treaty of 716, Khan Tervel took thefirst step to make the dream come true.
The treaty placed the border between Bulgaria and Byzantium in Thrace,and Bulgaria kept the region of Zagora. Defeated and humiliated,Byzantium was committed to pay annual tribute to Bulgaria.
Khan Tervel was the first medieval ruler of Bulgaria to understand thatliving next to Byzantium called for some mutually beneficial cooperationas well. He came to the aid of the basileus when, in 718, Arabs stormedthe walls of Constantinople for the third time. "The Bulgars assaultedthe Arabs, slaying many of them... They were more afraid of the Bulgarsthan of the Byzantines," reads the account of an Arab chronicler of KhanTervel's sweeping victory which left some 30,000 Arabs dead. Bulgaria wasone of the few European states to stand in the way of the Arab invasionof Europe.
At the same time Khan Tervel was striving to consolidate his state. Hisrule was marked by a growing prosperity of both the Khan and the people,and a Byzantine chronicler would later write of the wealthy ruler:"Tervel, commander of the Bulgars, was at the apogee of his prosperity...He would turn the shield he used in times of war hollow side up, put hiswhip onto it and pour money until both were covered. He would put hisspear on the ground and pile silk garments at its two ends. He would fillboxes with gold and silver coins and give it out to the soldiers,throwing gold with his right hand and silver with his left."
Terval, married Princess Of BYZANTIUM -[27643] [MRIN:15081] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
Children from this marriage were:
i. Sevar Khan Of Dolo Of The BULGARS -[27646] died about 740 in Eastern Bulgaria.
132000409192464 ii. Telerig Khan Of The BULGARS -[56260] (born about 710 - died after 777)
264000818384929. Princess Of BYZANTIUM-[27643],3,8,9,24 daughter of Justinian II "Cut Nose" Emperor Of BYZANTIUM -[57129] and Eudocia -[57128], was born about 687 and died.
Princess married Terval, Caesar Of BULGARIA -[27647] [MRIN:15081] 3,8,9.,24
264000818385408. Smbat V Bagratid, Prince Of ARMENIA-[54883],3,8,9,24 son of Varaz-Tirots II Bagratid, Prince Of ARMENIA -[54885], was born about 625 and died in 711 at age 86.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
132000409192704 i. Vasak Bagratid, Prince Of ARMENIA -[54882] (born about 645 - died before 711)
264000818385416. Hrahat MAMAKONIAN Prince Of Taraoun-[57119],3,8,9,24 son of Hamazasp III MAMAKONIAN Viceroy Of Armenia -[57427] and Nn. Of RSHTOUNI -[27481], was born about 650 in Armenia and died in 732 at age 82.
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
132000409192708 i. David II MAMAKONIAN Prince Of Taraoun -[57121] (born about 677 in Armenia - died in 744)
264000826835456. Abd I Ar-Rahman AL-DAKHHIL Emir Of Cordova-[34051],3,8,9,24 son of Mu'awiya Ibn HISHAM -[35439] and Berber RAHA -[35441], was born about 731 and died in 788 at age 57.
Abd married Khazraf -[34048] [MRIN:20634] 3,8,9.,24
Marriage Notes: 2 _PREF Y
The child from this marriage was:
132000413417728 i. Hisham I Emir Of CORDOVA -[34050] (born in 765 - died in 796)
264000826835457. Khazraf -[34048] 3,8,9,24 was born in 741 and died.
Khazraf married Abd I Ar-Rahman AL-DAKHHIL Emir Of Cordova -[34051] [MRIN:20634] 3,8,9.,24 This Web Site Is The Genealogy Chart Going Back To ADAM and EVE And The Ancestry Of About 6 Of the Original 1620 Plymouth Colony Residents. Cooke, Pope, Warren, Soule, Alden, Mullins, Cobb, Perry, ...ETC...
Home | Table of Contents | Surnames | Name List
This Web Site was Created 19 Sep 2004 with Legacy 5.0 from Millennia